Military Tribune
Here is GAIVS JVLIVS RAETICVS, a Military Tribune in the Legion VIth Victrix Pia Fidelis (Victorious Loyal
and Faithful). His rank is Tribunus Angusticlavius and is identified by the narrow stripe on his tunic,
which meant he was of Equestrian status.
There were five of these officers serving with a legion, and one senior tribune, a Tribunus Laticlavius,
who wore a broad strip which identified him as a senator or senator designate.
The post of Tribunus Angusticlavius would be the next step in the Equestrian career of this officer,
having first served as a Praefectus Cohortis,(ie command of an Auxilary Infantry Cohort). The next promotion
path would be to Praefectus Alae,(ie command of an Auxilary Cavalry Alae).
In the Legion, these officers held staff appointments and judicial responsibilities rather than a definite
military command, say over individual cohorts.
Centurio
Here is FLAVIVS MACRINVS, a Centurio in the Legion VIth Victrix Pia Fidelis (Victorious Loyal
and Faithful). The Centurio was the officer in charge of a Century, a unit of 80 legionaries,
6 Centuries made a Cohort, and 10 Cohorts made a Legion.
The Centurio was instantly recognizable by the transverse crest on his helmet, the greaves on his legs
and the vine staff that he carried, which was often brought down on the back of an unsuspecting soldier,
he is also wearing Phalarea (or Medals) on his chest, awarded for distinguished
conduct in action.
Vexillarius
Here is LVCIVS VALERIVS SECVNDVS the Vexillarius of the Legion VIth Victrix Pia Fidelis. The Vexillarius takes his
name from the type of standard he carries, the Vexillum (or Flag). The Vexillum was the standard used to identify a
Legion or a unit of soldiers on detachment from a Legion. These detachments could be of varying sizes and were known
as a 'Vexillation'. Their standard would signify which Legion they would belong to.
The Vexillarius is wearing a wolf skin, a symbol of his rank, over his standard Imperial Gallic helmet(Cassis), and
scale armour(lorica squamata) which are small bronze scales linked together and sewn to a fabric backing, he is
wearing Phalarea (or Medals)on his chest awarded for distinguished conduct in action, and he also carries a smaller
shield, called a Parma, instead of the larger legionary Scutum. The Vexillarius would have received double the pay
of an ordinary miles(soldier).
Signifer
Here is MARCVS VERECVNDVS who is the Signifer (standard bearer) in the Century of FLAVIVS MACRINVS. He carries the
Signum (Standard) of the century which is the emblem of that unit. It is composed of a number of phalarae (disks),
along with a number of other elements mounted on a pole, topped with a leaf-shaped spear head. On the plaque is the
Cohort number and also a representation of a wreath, denoting an honor or award. The Signifer would have received
double the pay of an ordinary miles(soldier).
The Signifer is wearing a bear skin, a symbol of his rank, over an Imperial Italic helmet(Cassis). He is wearing
the chain-mail armour(lorica hamata) with added shoulder doubling. The Hamata consists of alternating rows of solid
stamped rings connected together by riveted rings, and he also carries a smaller shield, called a Parma, instead
of the larger legionary Scutum.
Optio (Legionary)
Here is PETRONIVS TORQVATVS who is the Optio (Centurio's deputy) in the Century of FLAVIVS MACRINVS. While the
centurion led his men from the front, the Optio was usually positioned at the rear of the unit to keep the legionaries
from shirking away in battle. The Optio would have received double the pay of an ordinary Miles(soldier).
The Optio is identifiable by the two side feathers that he wears on his helmet(Cassis) which is a standard Imperial Italic
helmet with additional Bronze/Brass decoration, and the Hastum (The long knobbed staff) that he carries, it has been
proposed that this was used to keep the rear legionaries in line.
He is wearing the plate armour (lorica segmentata) that started appearing around the beginning of the 1st century A.D.
Petronius is wearing a version designated 'Corbridge Type A', which has leather straps and buckles to hold the various sections together.
On his right side he has the 'Pompeii' type gladius. A curved sided legionary Scutum is carried in his left hand.
Optio (Auxilary )
Here you see CLAVDIVS TERENTIVS an auxilary Optio (Centurio's deputy) of a century in the VIth Cohort of Nervians,
-- Cohors Sextae Nerviorum --, While the Centurion led his men from the front, the Optio was usually
positioned at the rear of the unit to keep the soldiers from shirking away in battle.
The Optio would have received double the pay of an ordinary Miles(soldier).
The Optio is identifiable by the two side feathers that he wears on his helmet(Cassis) which is a standard Imperial
helmet and the Hastum (The long knobbed staff) that he carries, it has been proposed that this was used to keep the
rear auxilaries in line.
The VIth Cohort of Nervians were stationed on Hadrians Wall and then on the Antonine Wall at Rough Castle,
where they are attested to be responsible for building the Principia(regimental headquarters).
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