THE ANTONINE GUARD
LIVING ROMAN HISTORY
THE OFFICERS
Please click on the thumbnail to see a larger picture
The Antonine Guard Officers
Military Tribune

Here is GAIVS JVLIVS RAETICVS, a Military Tribune in the Legion VIth Victrix Pia Fidelis (Victorious Loyal and Faithful). His rank is Tribunus Angusticlavius and is identified by the narrow stripe on his tunic, which meant he was of Equestrian status.

There were five of these officers serving with a legion, and one senior tribune, a Tribunus Laticlavius, who wore a broad strip which identified him as a senator or senator designate.

The post of Tribunus Angusticlavius would be the next step in the Equestrian career of this officer, having first served as a Praefectus Cohortis,(ie command of an Auxilary Infantry Cohort). The next promotion path would be to Praefectus Alae,(ie command of an Auxilary Cavalry Alae).

In the Legion, these officers held staff appointments and judicial responsibilities rather than a definite military command, say over individual cohorts.

Centurio

Here is FLAVIVS MACRINVS, a Centurio in the Legion VIth Victrix Pia Fidelis (Victorious Loyal and Faithful). The Centurio was the officer in charge of a Century, a unit of 80 legionaries, 6 Centuries made a Cohort, and 10 Cohorts made a Legion.

The Centurio was instantly recognizable by the transverse crest on his helmet, the greaves on his legs and the vine staff that he carried, which was often brought down on the back of an unsuspecting soldier, he is also wearing Phalarea (or Medals) on his chest, awarded for distinguished conduct in action.

Vexillarius

Here is LVCIVS VALERIVS SECVNDVS the Vexillarius of the Legion VIth Victrix Pia Fidelis. The Vexillarius takes his name from the type of standard he carries, the Vexillum (or Flag). The Vexillum was the standard used to identify a Legion or a unit of soldiers on detachment from a Legion. These detachments could be of varying sizes and were known as a 'Vexillation'. Their standard would signify which Legion they would belong to.

The Vexillarius is wearing a wolf skin, a symbol of his rank, over his standard Imperial Gallic helmet(Cassis), and scale armour(lorica squamata) which are small bronze scales linked together and sewn to a fabric backing, he is wearing Phalarea (or Medals)on his chest awarded for distinguished conduct in action, and he also carries a smaller shield, called a Parma, instead of the larger legionary Scutum. The Vexillarius would have received double the pay of an ordinary miles(soldier).

Signifer

Here is MARCVS VERECVNDVS who is the Signifer (standard bearer) in the Century of FLAVIVS MACRINVS. He carries the Signum (Standard) of the century which is the emblem of that unit. It is composed of a number of phalarae (disks), along with a number of other elements mounted on a pole, topped with a leaf-shaped spear head. On the plaque is the Cohort number and also a representation of a wreath, denoting an honor or award. The Signifer would have received double the pay of an ordinary miles(soldier).

The Signifer is wearing a bear skin, a symbol of his rank, over an Imperial Italic helmet(Cassis). He is wearing the chain-mail armour(lorica hamata) with added shoulder doubling. The Hamata consists of alternating rows of solid stamped rings connected together by riveted rings, and he also carries a smaller shield, called a Parma, instead of the larger legionary Scutum.

Optio (Legionary)

Here is PETRONIVS TORQVATVS who is the Optio (Centurio's deputy) in the Century of FLAVIVS MACRINVS. While the centurion led his men from the front, the Optio was usually positioned at the rear of the unit to keep the legionaries from shirking away in battle. The Optio would have received double the pay of an ordinary Miles(soldier).

The Optio is identifiable by the two side feathers that he wears on his helmet(Cassis) which is a standard Imperial Italic helmet with additional Bronze/Brass decoration, and the Hastum (The long knobbed staff) that he carries, it has been proposed that this was used to keep the rear legionaries in line.

He is wearing the plate armour (lorica segmentata) that started appearing around the beginning of the 1st century A.D. Petronius is wearing a version designated 'Corbridge Type A', which has leather straps and buckles to hold the various sections together.

On his right side he has the 'Pompeii' type gladius. A curved sided legionary Scutum is carried in his left hand.

Optio (Auxilary )

Here you see CLAVDIVS TERENTIVS an auxilary Optio (Centurio's deputy) of a century in the VIth Cohort of Nervians, -- Cohors Sextae Nerviorum --, While the Centurion led his men from the front, the Optio was usually positioned at the rear of the unit to keep the soldiers from shirking away in battle.

The Optio would have received double the pay of an ordinary Miles(soldier).

The Optio is identifiable by the two side feathers that he wears on his helmet(Cassis) which is a standard Imperial helmet and the Hastum (The long knobbed staff) that he carries, it has been proposed that this was used to keep the rear auxilaries in line.

The VIth Cohort of Nervians were stationed on Hadrians Wall and then on the Antonine Wall at Rough Castle, where they are attested to be responsible for building the Principia(regimental headquarters).

 

The highest ranking officer visible at Antonine Guard displays is the Military Tribune (A) who holds considerable social status and all the authority of senior command. Our tribune is GAIVS IVLIVS RAETICVS, a man of considerable campaign experience with our unit.

The front-line battle commander is the Centurion (B): he can command up to 80 men on the battlefield, and is responsible for drill and discipline as well as unit administration. FLAVIVS MACRINVS rose through the ranks to his rank, and earns at least ten times as much as his men.

The Centurion is supported in his duty by his Optio. His long weighted staff is both for inflicting instant punishment for errors, and for dressing the lines in battle. To gain such a rank the soldier must be literate and highly competent, and accordingly earns twice as much as his comrades. Here we see the legionary Optio, PETRONIVS TORQVATVS (C) and the veteran auxiliary Optio CLAVDIVS TERENTIVS (D).

The soul of the unit is held in its standards. The Imperial Eagle does not move unless the entire legion is on the march, but the Vexillum standard always precedes the detachment. It is carried by the Vexillarius L.VALERIVS SECUNDVS (E), a man chosen for his trustworthiness. Each Century also had its own centurial standard called a Signum, carried here by Signifer MARCVS VERECVNDVS.(F).

 
<<< Back Take me to the top